TNPSC - Indian Constitution - Part 2 in English
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Indian Constitution:
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, adopted on November 26, 1949, and came into effect on January 26, 1950. It outlines the framework and powers of the government, fundamental rights, and duties of citizens. Key features include:
1. Preamble: Outlines the objectives and goals of the Constitution.
2. Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35): Guarantees rights to equality, freedom, and justice, including the right to life, liberty, and security.
- Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)
- Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)
- Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)
- Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)
- Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)
- Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)
3. Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36-51):
- Social and Economic Welfare
- Justice and Law
- Environment and Public Health
4. Fundamental Duties (Article 51A): Enumerates citizens' responsibilities towards the nation.
- Respect for the National Flag and Anthem
- Protection of the Sovereignty and Integrity of India
- Promotion of Harmony and Unity
5. Separation of Powers:
- Legislative (Parliament)
- Executive (President and Governors)
- Judiciary (Supreme Court and High Courts)
6. Federalism:
- Union and State Governments
- Distribution of Powers (Seventh Schedule)
7. Amendments:
- Procedure for amending the Constitution (Article 368)
The Constitution has 448 Articles, 12 Schedules, and 5 Appendices, making it one of the longest and most detailed in the world. It has undergone over 100 amendments since its adoption, reflecting the country's evolving needs and values.
Indian Constitution Part 2 in English - Click here
